Expert Sample Help on Macro-economics

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Global financial crisis brought pressure on the financial markets of Australia, creating crisis like situation, where recession looked evident. The escalating problem of recession with financial institutions failing and suffering rampant losses forced the Australian government to act hard. The government in that situation had to take effective measures that could mitigate the recession. Under this circumstance, Australia brought its first stimulus measure. The study highlights the positive and negatives of the stimulus. The paper critically analyzes the Australian stimulus and focuses on the action plan of the government followed by a conclusion. INTRODUCTION The global financial crisis and the great recession in 2008-2009 spread the wings in Australia as well. The economic growth of the advanced economies like Australia took a backseat. The developments of the economic situation across the globe and crisis paved way for a plan from the Australian government that included the assistance through the bank guarantees and financial assistance worth $ 10.4 billion. This was the strategy to strengthen the fundamentals of the Australian economy (Australian Gov, n.d). It has been noted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that the Australian economy did not face the recession actually and infact was the most resilient compared to other advanced economies (IMF, 2010) The paper intends to find the impact of the financial stimulus introduced in the month of October 2008. The idea is to find the effectiveness of the stimulus measures in Australia and the counter arguments that state that the measures were a failure. The elements in regards to the packages and there worthiness has formed part of this analysis (Adam Vines, 2010). The questions have been asked whether the stimulus measure was effective and not introducing the same would have lent Australia into a crisis like situation. A sharp reduction in the revenues caused a dent on the fiscal situation of Australia. Estimated tax receipts during the period of 2008-09 were revised downwards. These were due to decline in the forecasts of the Capital Gains Taxes and Corporate Taxes. The government during the period formulated measures like achieving the surplus budget, improvement in the financial situation of the government. The budget policies of 2008-09 were based on to create a budget surplus of atleast 1.5 percent of the GDP (Australian Gov, nd). The growth trajectory of Australia as per the Australian Bureau of Statistics report has been taken into consideration. The analysis considers the stimulus measures as they were actually spent by the government. This gives the idea of the cash flows of the Australian government. These cash outflows by various agencies were for the purposes of bonuses on taxes, or expenditure on infrastructure, and acting as a catalyst for the investment cycles. The idea behind analyz ing such payments is to track the impact of these on the growth of the region. The period of 2008-2009 saw an investment spending of $ 14 billion, out of which was spread in June, September and December quarterly periods in the year 2009 (Commonwealth Co-ordinator General, 2009). Then there were payments made in the form of cash that were worth $ 8.7 billion made in the month of December 2008 (RBA, 2009). There were payments made for the infrastructure for the homeowners worth $ 830 million in the period of 2008-2009. The payment and the outlays between the periods of September 2008 to December 2009 have been shown in Table 1. The table indicates had the stimulus was not given on time, there would have been periods where the GDP growth would have suffered. POLICY MEASURES The government fiscal policy was made to cater with the help of stabilization, which helped the spending of the country and the revenues to come in line with each other. Apart from that discretionary surplus of 1% of the GDP was considered so that the demand declines in the domestic segments were targeted. These segments were household consumption and investments in dwelling. The citizens suffering from inflation in fuel, food and housing were given relief by $ 10.4 billion package on October 2008. The package was being segregated in various parts as shown in Table 2 ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF STIMULUS The studies of Maikin (2010) argue that the critical element that benefitted the Australian economy and saved it from recession was the decline in the exchange rates of the Australian Dollar coupled with the increase in the exports. The benefits to the Australian economy were provided by the demand of commodities that kept coming from the trading partners of Australia, i.e China. Makin (2010) points that this especially held true during the December and March quarters. However, the stimulus plan helped in boosting the consumption, as lump sum were provided to the pensioners, and first time home owners. The plan was developed to create additional investments and maintain surplus situation. The architecture to implement the fiscal measures was in place that created the benefit for the economy. Studies from Aizenman Pasricha (2010) states that the payment was channelized to the local and state authorities in a timely manner. The financial regulators ensured that the budget is utilized in a proper manner. Before the crisis, the position of Australia was quite sound, therefore the impact was not as severe. Australian case of fiscal consolidation was more efficient that compared to some of the other countries like Canada that announced the stimulus measures in January 2009. Therefore the timing of the stimulus benefitted the economy (OECD, nd). A criticism to the stimulus measure was the size. Critics believed that the size of the stimulus should have been lower but the argument given against this is the growth rates. Australian economy expanded by 1.7% from the period of September 2008 to December 2009. Had the fiscal assistance would have been lower the impact on the eco nomic growth would have been more harsh (Swan, 2008). Unemployment rates would have been higher had the stimulus were not provided on time, the same is shown in the table 3. Stimulus measures in Australia were far more effective because the financial system in the country was strong and therefore the measures like creating demand from buyers and home owners and boosting investments had a far greater assistance to the economy compared to some of the other countries in the world where the financial system was weak (Stevens, 2009). The affects of stimulus on the Australian economy were higher as the finances were utilized due to good regulation. The Australian Dollar being flexible, faced the shocks in a better way compared to a more regulated currency markets of other countries. ARGUMENTS AGAINST STIMULUS The first important criticism that was given for the stimulus was the size of the package. Mckibbin Stoeckel (2009) stated that the stimulus measure should have been given in accordance to the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund. In regards to the testimony made by Mckibbin Stoeckel (2009) another paper was released using the global economy as a model to state that the stimulus measure required should have been lower. Mckibbin (2009) stated in his testimony that the finances by the Australian government should have been saved rather than spending the same. Another argument given against the stimulus comes from Makin (2009) that states that rather than providing assistance to the Australian economy through the demand side measures, it would have been ideal had the government used a measure adopted by the New Zealand policy makers. New Zealand followed supply side measured to counter recession. The measures like reducing the taxes and improvement in infrastructure was adopted (Reserve Bank of Australia, nd). However, it is clear from the chart 1, that the GDP of Australia was in a much better shape compared to other advanced economies of the world in the year 2008. The other factor being put in place was the rise of the interest rates after the stimulus measures. This will make the stimulus self diminishing as the interest rates extension will decline the investment cycle in the country. However the researches against this argument was given by Gruen et al.,(2002) that mention that the role of the policy measure in the time of recession is limited. Therefore the movements of interest rates will not be as frequent after the stimulus is announced. There is a genuine credit crisis and lower confidence among customers therefore to say that stimulus would cause an effect on the investment is not justifiable. CONCLUSION The arguments in favour of fiscal stimulus and the arguments against the same were discussed. Some of the important points that emerged from the research paper were the Australian economy resilience to absorb the shocks of the recession. The economy was in good shape before the recession and better financial system mitigated the impact. The other thing to note was the flexible exchange rate system. The stimulus measure was also given at the right time and right quantity that helped the economy to recover. However, among all this it has been noted that the Australia could have adopted a different technique like that of New Zealand to counter recession. This would have boosted the economy through supply side measures and risks of inflation could have been taken care off. REFERENCES Adam, C and Vines, D 2010, Remaking macroeconomic policy after the global financial crisis: a balance-sheet approach, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(4), pp: 524. Aizenman, J and Pasricha, G K 2010, On the ease of overstating the fiscal stimulus in the US, 2008-9, NBER Working Paper No. 15784. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009, Australian Economic Indicators [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Australian Government n d, The Government Response to Global Financial Crisis [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Commonwealth Co-ordinator General, 2009, Nation Building Plan Progress Report [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Gruen, D, Romalis, J and Chandra, N 2002, The Lags of Monetary Policy, RBA Research Discussion Paper. IMF 2010, World Economic Outlook Database [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Makin, T 2010, Did Australias Fiscal Stimulus Counter Recession?: Evidence from the National Accounts Agenda, A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 17 (2). Makin, T 2009, Submission to Senate Committee on Finance and Public Administration, September, Vol. 21. McKibbin, W and Stoeckel, A 2009, Modelling the global financial crisis, Paper for VII Colloquium on Financial Collapse: how are the biggest nations and organisations managing the crisis? Ravenna. OECD n d, Quarterly Growth Rates of real GDP [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. RBA, 2009, The RBA Role in Processing Fiscal Stimulus Payments [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Reserve Bank of Australia n d, Measures of Consumer Price Inflation [Online], Accessed on 18 August 2014. Stevens, G 2009, Testimony to Senate Economics References Committee, E15. Swan, W 2008, Government initiative to support competition in mortgage market, Press Release, 105. APPENDICES Table 1: September 2008 December 2008 March 2009 June 2009 September 2009 Paid in Cash 0.0 0.7 2 4.6 3.1 For Investments 0 0.1 1.5 4.2 4.5 Impact on Growth 0 0.8 3.5 8.8 7.6 Table 1, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian $ billion Table 2: Pension Reforms $ 4.9 billion Family Benefits $ 3.9 billion First Home buyers $ 1.5 billion Productivity Program $ 187 million Table 2, Economic Strategy, Budget.gov Table 3: Unemployment rate, By sex and age group(a) Males, looking for - full-time work Females, looking for - full-time work Persons, looking for - full-time work Period Males, Aged 15-19 years Aged 20 years and over Total Females, Aged Aged 20 years and over Total Persons, Aged 15-19 years Aged 20 years and over Total looking looking 15-19 years looking for - for - for - part- part- part- time time time work work work 2007-2008 October 6.2 16.5 3 3.6 4.6 20.4 4.2 4.8 5 17.9 3.4 4 November 6.1 16.2 3 3.5 4.6 20.3 4.1 4.7 5 17.7 3.4 4 December 6 15.7 3 3.5 4.5 20.3 4 4.7 4.9 17.3 3.4 3.9 January 5.8 15.1 3 3.5 4.4 20.4 3.9 4.6 4.8 17 3.3 3.9 February 5.6 14.6 3.1 3.5 4.3 20.7 3.9 4.6 4.7 16.8 3.4 3.9 March 5.6 14.3 3.1 3.5 4.3 21.2 3.9 4.6 4.6 16.8 3.4 3.9 April 5.6 14.2 3.2 3.6 4.3 21.8 3.9 4.7 4.7 16.9 3.4 4 May 5.7 14.4 3.2 3.6 4.3 22.4 4 4.7 4.7 17.2 3.5 4 June 5.8 14.4 3.2 3.6 4.3 23 4.1 4.8 4.7 17.4 3.5 4 2008-2009 July 5.9 14.3 3.2 3.6 4.3 23.1 4.2 4.9 4.7 17.4 3.5 4.1 August 5.9 14.2 3.2 3.6 4.2 22.9 4.3 5 4.7 17.2 3.6 4.1 September 5.9 14.1 3.2 3.7 4.2 22.5 4.4 5.1 4.7 17 3.6 4.1 October 6 14.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 21.9 4.5 5.1 4.7 16.9 3.7 4.2 November 6 14.5 3.4 3.8 4.1 21.2 4.5 5.1 4.6 16.8 3.8 4.3 December 6 14.8 3.5 3.9 4.1 20.5 4.6 5.1 4.7 16.8 3.9 4.3 Table 3: Unemployment Situation, Australian Bureau of Statistics Chart 1 Chart 1: Comparative GDP, Australia Government

Contract for Services Case Study of Lou - an Owner of a Tea Wholesalin

Question: Case Study Lou, the owner of a tea wholesaling company, decided about a year ago that product quality of some imported sources was too variable. To improve consistency of the product Lou decided he would employ someone to test samples of imported product and grade them. His retired Uncle Jim came to mind. He was a food scientist and using his skills would also assist him by keeping him busy. Lou approached Jim with an agreement titled Contract for Services, devised by the companys lawyer. It involved Jim agreeing not to be an employee and to have his own incorporated consulting business. The agreement included a clause suggesting he was not permitted to delegate any of his responsibilities at the tea company to another unless he got Lous approval. The agreement also stated he would be paid a set fee for each day he came to the warehouse and worked and a monthly pay date. Although not mentioned in the agreement, Jim was to pay his own taxes and make his own superannuation contributions. He was supplied with a warehouse uniform and all the equipment he required to perform his scientific analysis. Jim worked from 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday for eight months without a day off and then suffered a serious heart attack. His daily routine at work had involved him checking in with Lou for instructions on the days work, Lous oversight of his progress during the day and an assignment of administrative support to support him at particular times. Toward the end of the financial year Jim was asked to supervise a couple of juniors in stocktaking processes, for about four weeks, but he had otherwise stuck to his scientific analysis. One of the policies Lou added to the Employee Handbook last year was an anti-bullying policy. The policy required a particular procedure to be followed if bullying was detected by any member of staff, and indicated management would treat the behaviour, if confirmed on investigation, as serious misconduct and it was likely to result in disciplinary procedures being taken. The policy was not included in staff contracts but they were all alerted to it on commencement of their engagement. Jim had reported the two juniors he had supervised as bullies just before his heart attack. He made a written complaint stating their language was repeatedly demeaning to him and their regular slapping of him on the back was so aggressive it upset him to the point he was ready to resign. Lou was aware of his issues with the young workers and wonders what he is required to do now that Jim is convalescing and may not return to work. Advise Lou whether Jim could be regarded as an employee, despite their written agreement. He is contractually bound to follow the Employee Handbook procedure in relation to the bullying complaint. He has breached any common law duty to Jim even if he is not contractually bound to follow the Employee Handbook procedure. Answer: The given case scenario is about Lou, an owner of a tea wholesaling firm. The Company Head decided to recruit a candidate for the work of testing the quality of several important products. Due to this Lou visits his uncle Mr. Jim who is a food scientist by profession. Lou desired of using the skill of his uncle. A contract named Contract for services was drafted by the lawyer of the firm that was represented by Lou to his uncle (McGregor, 2014). On a general basis, a contract that is titled as contract for services refers to an agreement by virtue of which an individual provides his consent to deliver performance to the organization being an independent contractor (Lowe and Korr, 2008). On account of this, no relationship amidst employer and employee exists. However, the employee is not covered under the provisions of the Employment Act. So accordingly, Jim was not considered to be Lous employee that is on the basis of a condition provided in it. However, the firm hired Jim at a fixe d salary. Owing to the presence of a contract, Jim does not deserve to be an employee of the firm, contrary to which would violate the contract. Another issue mentioned in the case scenario is about bullying. For protecting the self-interest of the employees, the legislature of Australia has enacted the act for workplace safety and health. This enactment assures that no organizational employee shall be exploited by his employer in any way. For creating a strong work culture as well as positive attitude within the workplace, the statutory body plays an important role in West Australia (Magliveras, 2005). The key issue here is that of anti-bullying. Bullying is considered to be a common phenomenon in almost every workplace. It denotes an organized causing of interpersonal devastation which affects majorly upon mental, physical, or psychological condition of a person. This is now a common aspect in educational institutions or workplaces. As per the surveys, the ultimate cause of this bullying at workplace is that it is not yet made illegal at some place. And even if it is illegal at places, these are not executed as per the rule (Johnston, Phanhtharath and Jackson, 2010). In the case, Lou is responsible on a contractual basis for acknowledging the procedure in the employee rulebook related to bullying issue. The policy of anti-bullying has been introduced in the employee handbook but not in staff contracts. So, Lou is not liable at all legally to abide by the procedure. But, he had the responsibility to hear all complaints of employees linked with bullying. It is clearly mentioned in the employee handbook procedure about the way employees are required to act in workplaces irrespective of job role(Wallace, 2002). This is given to every member of the organization. If the policy of anti-bullying is to be followed in compliance with the handbook for employment procedure, it might get ambiguous for authorities to provide remedies of bullying. The policy of anti-bully had been introduced by Lou himself within the handbook of employment procedure in the last year. However, no action was undertaken in favor of the complaint by Jim. As per the rule made by the owner of the firm relating to anti-bullying process, if any case of bullying occurred or any complaint was launched by any employee, it would be taken quite seriously with due steps to mitigate it by the company management. However, all the mentioned steps must comply with the conditions given in the procedure handbook(Halbesleben and Wheeler, 2010). If it is identified after or during the investigation that bullying has occurred then the guilty would be held responsible for the act of bullying the victim and thus he must be penalized as per the policy norm as prescribed in the rule. As referred to in the case, the complaint that was launched by Jim related to the bullying act upon two organizational employees, was not even inquired any way by the higher authority of th e company. In compliance with the law in Australia, compensation is to be awarded to Jim since no step had been taken in favor of the complaint launched by Jim. Several cases were launched whereby management or higher authority has been alleged in incompetent dealing with issues related to bullying aspects the firm also faced much allegation in a way that the management has been very much reluctant in discharging duties in favor of bullying issues(Dealtry, 2003). During 2006, they were provided justice by giving a huge sum amount in the form of compensation related to the complaints launched in relation to bullying. The court had awarded that the defendant needed to pay the salary of 38 weeks at the rate of $627 per week. Again, an obligation of common law has been breached to Jim who has been breached by Lou though he is not liable to abide by the handbook of employment procedure. Despite the fact that he is not responsible to abide by the handbook procedure, as an employer he could not escape his responsibility. One of the key responsibilities of him is to carefully attend to the complaints and adopt necessary actions in favor of the issue of bullying. The employer has the duty to identify and punish the actual culprit whoever he may be (Chernyaeva, n.d.). It is identified that such an act may reduce the productivity or level of motivation and even the work culture on account of lack of concern by Lou. The key aim of the Workplace Health and Safety law is to give enough protection to all employees during their course of work life, thereby reducing the risk aspects amidst employees within the workplace is another aim of the statute. The factors associated with risks may be mitigated by enacting the a cts of bullying as well as other issues in lieu of increased penalties. The main attribute of the law governing health as well as safety at workplace are: Assuring safety of each employee irrespective of individual post or role within the company. Adequate care towards safety measures of the workers or employees. Necessary actions to be taken on issue of complaints(Hager, 2004). Guilty must be adequately penalized. Within Australia, by means of statute or any other mean, no proper definition of bullying is given, particularly the elements comprising the issue of bullying. This happens to be one of the most significant issues within the given sector particularly by the employees, since bullying can occur in several ways but no specific way is prescribed. For instance, several students across the Australian territory are exposed to bullying in schools (Wright, 2005). Often employees experience menace on account of lack of implementation of present statutes and also lack of enactment of new laws in relation to menace. Irrespective of gender, caste, creed, or religion often most of the people whether students or employees are subjected to activities of bullying. As per different surveys, it has been identified that it commonly happens giving out different dare consequences every time. During the course of employment as well as work environment, the act of bullying gives a negative impact on employees. In this given case, the reluctant behavior of Lou with respect to that of the culprits of the act of bully provided them due advantage in relation to the aggressive behavior towards others. The behavior of Lou may act as an encouragement for the culprits in the act. To the consequences of this, Jim had a massive heart attack. Some fatal outcomes of bullying acts are: Declining attendance graph on account of the dread as well as fear among employees, leading to hamper in work. One of the key outcomes of such an act is declining attendance. Employees often go on a leave due to panic, and this affects productivity of the company. Increase in anxiety among the junior employees result in occurrence of more errors during work. This symptom is stated in the case that Jim may not have suffered from heart attack if corrective measures were taken (Wright, 2005). Decreasing level of performances amidst employees and less work productivity. The act of bullying may lessen the performances of the employees. As in case of Jim it became devastating. He had to give up his work due to heart attack. The act of bullying often de-motivates the employees at their work. During the cases of complaints of bullying activities, the management often needs to spend increased time in solving the issues. This is wastage of time and hinders further growth of the organization(McGregor, 2014). Thus, it is a common responsibility of Lou to adopt certain important measures against the incident and the issue and punish the guilty although he is not liable for this contractually. Jim would not have suffered if it was done much earlier. References Chernyaeva, D. (n.d.). Workplace Mobbing and Workplace Harassment Regulation in Russia.SSRN Journal. Dealtry, R. (2003). Issues relating to learning accreditation in corporate university management.Journal of Workplace Learning, 15(2), pp.80-86. Hager, P. (2004). Lifelong learning in the workplace? Challenges and issues.Journal of Workplace Learning, 16(1/2), pp.22-32. Halbesleben, J. and Wheeler, A. (2010). Coverage by smokeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ free workplace policies by race/ethnicity and health outcomes.International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 3(2), pp.111-130. Johnston, M., Phanhtharath, P. and Jackson, B. (2010). The Bullying Aspect of Workplace Violence in Nursing.JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation, 12(2), pp.36-42. Lowe, T. and Korr, W. (2008). Workplace Safety Policies in Mental Health Settings.Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 22(4), pp.29-47. Magliveras, K. (2005). The Regulation of Workplace Sexual Harassment in Greece: Legislation and Case Law Analysis.International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 7(1-4), pp.169-186. McGregor, M. (2014). Harassment in the Workplace: Context as Indicator.International Law Research, 3(1). Wallace, M. (2002). Managing and developing online education: issues of change and identity.Journal of Workplace Learning, 14(5), pp.198-208. Wright, T. (2005). Inside the Workplace.Industrial Law Journal, 34(4), pp.349-352.

Essay Sample Marketing Campaigns

Essay Sample Marketing CampaignsThere are a lot of effective ways of marketing yourself as an expert, but getting testimonials from your friends is a good way to get some good testimonials for yourself. You can give out testimonials to all your friends and then use these to tell others. What you are really doing is marketing yourself. You may want to use different formats to make the campaign even more effective.One of the best forms is posting your essay on groups and asking for feedback on it. Just be sure that the groups where you post are not so extreme in their group views that it won't be acceptable. You may want to begin by sending out an essay about yourself and how you got involved in this field, then you can later do a follow up with feedback.Another form of marketing is submitting a link in the form of a blog post. This would include information about yourself, and then you can ask for feedback. Be sure to include a 'reply' button at the end. You can also include links to your resume. This will help people remember who you are and will help them feel more comfortable doing business with you.Another form of advertising is to use email marketing to your advantage. Don't send out emails every day but instead send out a few at a time. Include information about yourself in each email to get feedback. It's also a good idea to have a separate email from when you are going to the sales process to another one when you've settled on a price for the essay.In this email, you will most likely want to include a link to the sales page of the essay. The link will open to a page that has a bio for the person, a summary of the essay, and then a price range for the essay. You can also include testimonials from other readers and include links to other resources. If you are willing to give information about a specific experience, the editor will be more likely to go along with what you provide. So, if you have a specific experience that you were involved in, then include that in your essay samples.When you submit your essay samples, include everything that you are willing to share about yourself, and then make sure that you focus on your strengths and highlight the qualities that you have. People who read your essays will generally take away from the information that you've included in the essay. It will help if you are sincere and have the qualities that you claim.

John Conner free essay sample

John Conner, marketing manager from Lawn King, looked over the beautiful countryside as he drove to the corporate headquarters in Moline, Illinois. John had asked his boss, Kathy Wayne, the general manager of Lawn King, to call a meeting in order to review the latest forecast figures of fiscal year 2002. 1 When he arrived at the plant, the meeting was ready to begin. Others in attendance at the meeting were James Fairday, plant manager; Joan Peterson, controller; and Harold Pinter, personnel officer. John started the meeting by reviewing the latest situation: â€Å"I’ve just returned from our annual sales meeting and I think we lost more sales last year than we thought, due to back-order conditions at the factory. We have also reviewed the forecast for next year and feel that sales will be 110, 000 units in fiscal year 2002. The marketing department feels this forecast is realistic and could be exceeded if all goes well. We will write a custom essay sample on John Conner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † At his point, James Fairday interrupted by saying, â€Å"John, you’ve got to be kidding. Just three months ago we all sat in this same room and you predicted sales of 98,000 units for fiscal ’02. Now you’ve raised the forecast by 12 percent. How can we do a reasonable job of production planning when we have a moving target to shoot at? † Kathy interjected, â€Å"Jim, I appreciate your concern, but we have to be responsive to changing market conditions. Here we are in September and we still haven’t got a firm plan for fiscal ’02, which has just stated. I want to use the new forecast and develop an aggregate plan for next year as soon as possible. John added, â€Å"We’ve been talking to our best customers and they’re complaining about back orders during the peak selling season. A few have threatened to drop our product line if they don’t get better service next year. We have to produce not only enough product but also the right models to service the customer. † Guidelines: 1. Develop a forecast to use as a basis for aggregate production planning. 2. Develop an aggregate production plan by month for fiscal ’02. Consider the use of several different production strategies. Which strategy do you recommend? Use of Excel will greatly save time in making these plans.

Cross-cultural Marriages Contribute to Racial Tolerance

Cross-cultural Marriages Contribute to Racial Tolerance CROSS-CULTURAL MARRIAGES CONTRIBUTE TO RACIAL TOLERANCE According to the Pew Research Center, 15 percent of U.S. newlyweds in 2010 were in marriages to people of another race or ethnic group and eight percent of all married people were in these cross-cultural marriages. This is up significantly from four percent in 1986. The growth in the number of these marriages contributes to racial tolerance. Intermarriage strengthens tolerance for reasons related to family, age, and mass media and social platforms. Familial Ties Influence Tolerance of Interracial Marriage One reason cross-cultural marriages contribute to tolerance is because of family bonds. Thirty-five percent of Americans report that someone in their family married outside their race, according to a 2010 Pew Research Center study. Sixty-three percent of the respondents said they would be comfortable if someone in their family married someone from another race or ethnic group.Some people who have a hard-hearted attitude about cross-cultural marriage softened their views when they realize acceptance is the only way to maintain a good relationship with their child, sibling, relative or friend who has entered into one of these marriages. And even though people over 65 are less accepting of these marriages than younger people, not too many are willing to cut off a good relationship with their child because he or she entered into such a marriage. Certainly, most grandparents will want to stay connected with grandchildren who are th e offspring of these relationships. Young People Are More Likely To Accept Cross-Cultural Marriages Age is a factor in who is more tolerant and accepting of intermarriage. While a Pew Research Center study about Millennials- defined by Pew as people ages 18 to 29- found that people over 65 were less accepting of cross-cultural marriages, it reported that large numbers of African-American, white and Hispanic Millennials would accept someone in their family marrying a person of another race or ethnic group. The study, Almost All Millennials Accept Interracial Dating and Marriage, also reported that 93 percent of the respondents said they would be okay with a family member marrying an Asian-American, 92 percent with a white American, 91 percent with a Hispanic-American and 88 percent with an African-American. Eighty-five percent said they would be okay with a marriage to any other group. Millennials are now the largest population by age in the U.S. At 75.4 million, they outnumber Baby Boomers (people ages 51 to 59) whose number is 74.9 million. For these reasons, more cross-cultural relationships can be expected. Talk in Communication Outlets Influences Tolerance The medias focus on celebrity couples is another reason tolerance moves forward. In bombarding people with images of famous people and their marriages, some of which are cross-cultural, mass media and chatter on social platforms foster acceptance. This coverage of celebrity couples is akin to advertising these marriages. The more people see celebrities in cross-cultural relationships, the more likely they are to accept them. In additional to some professional athletes, other famous people who have intermarried include Robert De Niro and Grace Hightower, George Lucas and Mellody Hobson, Audra McDonald and Will Swenson and Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan. In conclusion, tolerance is fostered by intermarriage. Since the 1980s, the percentage of cross-cultural marriages has risen. Many younger people and people who have family and friends in these marriages accept them. Discussion about intermarriage in all forms of communication also contributes to the acceptance of these relationships. Within 30 years, nonwhites will outnumber whites, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. To avoid debilitating conflict within this country and to get along better with other nations, it is good for U.S. residents to look to successful cross-cultural marriages for inspiration about harmony and facing and overcoming the challenges of peoples differences.

Japanese Internment Camps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Japanese Internment Camps - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that the subject of the Japanese internment camps has been a topic of hot debates over the decades. In most cases, several opinions abound on the very essence of those camps and on whether or not they addressed the situation for which they were intended. Critically, that continues to be the subject of argument. In any case, the perspective of the arguer is very critical in the analysis of the whole concept. The core of the argument also lies on whether the camps were necessary as a military action and or whether it was a nationality issue gone sour. To begin, it is imperative to realize that prior to the Pearl Harbor, most Americans of Japanese decent were actually residing peacefully in the United States and there was no issue in connection to American security despite the war that was picking up in the world. This paper makes a conclusion that the trigger of the whole imbroglio was the attack on the Harbor which certainly left many Americans confused and bitter. The justification of their radical change of mind with regard to their Japanese counterparts arose out of the paranoia situation that certainly engulfed the country. In any case, this was a very critical time and Americans were just being democratic by addressing their right of security. History is awash with several instances where spies have caused more trouble than was expected. In the American case, there idea to confine the Japanese was therefore a timely decision considering the world events at that time. In the period of the WWII it was clear that the Axis powers were basically fighting to capture the whole world under their control while the Allied powers were rooting for global peace. With such an evil mindset on the Japanese leaders, there was a need to carefully address the Japanese situation in the United States. Moreo ver, the general trend at that time was the possibility of a long period of war which could involve the United States. The role of the military is basically to safeguard the country’s borders in whatever respect as may deem necessary. Therefore the decision to create the internment camps should always be addressed from the perspective of United State’s security which was certainly at risk in that period. It is known that in critical situations very radical decisions are normally the order of the day. Inasmuch as counter opinions arise against the internment of the Japanese, it is important to come to terms with the realities of that time. Any

Peer response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Peer response - Assignment Example knowledge from actual employment, as well as the development of skills, would augment the theoretical frameworks that educational institutions provide. Alliances and partnerships with private and public organizations must be forged to enable students to gain the benefits of experiential learning. It would be interesting to know any perceived disadvantages which preclude the proposed application of experiential learning in course curricula. The criterion which allegedly meets the quasi-experimental research method as described in the study clearly and evidently affirmed that lack of random assignment as the sole determining factor. Given that the authors aimed to explore the ability of institutions offering character development programs, as compared to institutions that do not. Therefore, it was commendable to have suggested that to convert the methodology to experimental, random assignment of students could be applied. The ability of random assignment could increase the veracity of the findings, as well as determine consistency in the conclusions that were arrived at. As such, in the proposed research, although the quasi-experimental method was already affirmed to be applied, measures that could remove biases and increase objectivity could be instituted to enable increasing the credibility and reliability of the