Military Issues Essay

My interpretation of † Military Leadership† before I was enrolled into SF0002 was to conveniently associate the word â€Å"Leadership† with â€Å"Leader† as it is how majority of us (superiors and peers) interpret it to be and I do not know the definition of â€Å"Military and Non-military Leadership†. After going through just lesson one of SF0002, to my astonishment, I realized that the wrong definition of â€Å"Military Leadership† have became a gospel truth to most of us. The first insight that I have gained from SF0002 is, that Leadership is not equivalent to a Leader. With the aid of the Leadership concept, I’ve identified that Leadership is not about me or my superiors; it is about a process involving my ability to influence my subordinates to accomplish missions and achieve outcome in various tasks/projects with a common purpose. In comparison, both Military and Non-military Leadership similarly defines leadership as a process to influence. However, to differentiate them, military leadership uniquely employs the use of doctrinal methods to explain leadership in a military context. In Singapore, it is identified as the â€Å"Leadership 24/7 framework†. To translate the framework into a personal context, I must influence my peers and commanders to understand the SAF’s Mission and Purpose, our operating environment (airspace constraints and concerns) and achieve Mission success, be it high level events (NDP, international conferences etc.) or daily operations (routine controlling). Having said that, I must first align my values to the RSAF core values, sharpen my leadership competencies. With knowledge, charisma and determination, I will be able to command respect and influence those around me to work towards a common objective. I am currently a Cardinal Officer in my unit. Two of my primary objectives are to organize cohesions and team building programmes. The Cardinal team’s interpretation of Cohesion is similar to Team Building. After going through SF0002, I realized that the Cardinal team is heading towards a wrong direction. When tasked to organize a team building programme, we will associate it with team bonding and unity. The second insight which I have gained from SF0002 is the differences between Cohesion and Team Building. Cohesion involves what the my team is working on, such as building bonds and uniting people. However, Cardinal is all about having fun and getting together to know each other better. Team Building differs greatly from Cohesion. There are altogether 2 dimensions and a team outcome in the military team building framework. The â€Å"task related dimension† develops the team’s ability, to understanding the individual roles and functionalities of the team as well as formulating plans and strategies to achieve common objectives. The â€Å"teamwork dimension† develops the team’s relationship and establishing rules to govern the team’s behavior and conduct. Team outcome defines the team’s vision and goals, which can be tangible or intangible. Viewing the context of the military team building framework, it makes understanding team building more comprehensive and I’m able to share with my superiors and peers on how to organize a team building programme more effectively. Judging from â€Å"The Five Factor Model of personality†, under â€Å"Correlation with Leadership criteria† Extraversion and Conscientiousness factors predicts leadership emergence well, Agreeableness and Emotional Stability however are leaning towards Leadership Effectiveness and neutral for Openness. In my case, I score an average for Extraversion and low for Conscientiousness. With regard to Extraversion, I am very sociable and assertive when it comes to peers whom I am close to and I tend to be more reserved and quiet during the initial â€Å"get to know† phrase. Likewise for Openness, I will only open up to close friends and never to strangers. Therefore, my score for Openness is slightly low. As for Conscientiousness, I do not agree with my score because my superiors and peers think of me as a hardworking and dependable person. However, I do agree that I am not a very organized person as I find it challenging to juggle my work. I believe that my score should be somewhere around average. My score for Emotional Stability is very low, I can agree with that as I tend to feel very nervous, lack of confidence and I get depressed very easily. I believe it’s because of my desire to be a perfectionist therefore I tend to put all the blame on myself when certain things does not go my way (attain only silver for IPPT etc.). As for Agreeableness, I scored an average. I am a caring and cooperative person in general. However, I tend to disagree a lot with my peers and superiors’ ideas and way of handling situations because I always feel that there has to be a better way out. This constant need for a â€Å"better way out† coincides with my desire to be a perfectionist under Emotional Stability. Leadership emergence defines that the emergence of a leader is being decided by others purely based on his performance; typically temporary and lack of concrete facts. Leadership Effectiveness defines the perfo rmance of a leader in influencing his peers and soldiers to work towards a common goal. I believe my Leadership potential is leaning more towards Leadership Effectiveness. It is hard for someone to determine my personal traits initially, but in a long run, my demonstration of concern and determination will inspire and motivate them to work towards a common goal of improving the organization. Leadership behavioral skills revolves around Task, Relation and Change (TRC) Behaviors. Task behavior is short term and focused; those who relies heavily on resources (people) and technologies to achieve high productivity. Relations behaviors rely on a person’s ability to establish strong bonds with their peers and inspire commitment to work towards a common goal. Change behaviors; those who aims to develop and improve the organization. TRC analysis provides a comprehensive guide to define a leader’s behavior. 14 behavioral skills organized into 5 main competencies in the â€Å"SAF Leadership Competencies Framework (LCM)† develops a leader’s ability to influence, think critically and creatively in a stressful environment, make decisions effectively and execute them efficiently, develop junior leaders, teams and improve organization. Most importantly, a leader must first master the â€Å"Self meta-competency† in order to develop the other 4 competencies because it develops one’s will and determination to learn. Task behavior can be related to Mission and Conceptual Thinking Competencies. A leader must possess the ability to plan and make critically decisions, and display ethical reasoning to convince people instantly in order to develop a high level of efficiency. Likewise, Relation behavior can be related to Social and Self (Meta) competencies. A Leader must first self-manage and have a high level of self-awareness in order to be able to sensitively communicate with their followers at their level, inspiring the followers’ commitment and cooperation to develop a common goal. Finally, Change behavior can be related to Developmental competency. A leader must encourage the people and team to develop innovative and creative thinking, with the common intent to aim to develop and improving the organization. After going through SF0002, it definitely enhanced my knowledge on Leadership. I now perceive Leadership in terms of doctrines and academics. Academically, Leadership is a process rather than solely about the leader or someone who holds a management or executive position. Leadership is a process whereby a leader is highly adaptable, in whatever context assigned to him, is able to influence his followers to achieve outcomes and purpose of the context. Doctrinally, Leadership is about understanding the context and development of oneself. To further elaborate on self-development, a SAF Leaders must align their personal values with the SAF core values, have a good understanding on individual competencies and style of leading, and must be self-aware and manage oneself accordingly. SAF leaders must also be able to influence his/her followers to understand the SAF’s Mission and Purpose, introduce the type of environment we are operating in and the desired outcomes or goal we must ach ieve. Thus far, majority of our tasks are peacetime operations. It’s easier to lead and influence in peacetime, where there is minimal stress and lives are not directly at risk. It gives a leader more time to make decisions and think. Leadership is important in the SAF because we are a military organization, and someday, we might be activated to go to war. All of us, Leaders, will be foreign as of how to lead our soldiers on the battle field. In a war, what seems to be the most important to most people out there is the equipment, power and size of combat force. However, many neglect the most â€Å"essential tool† which is Leadership! Leadership inspires a leader’s commitment to lead and influence the soldiers by providing them with a clear direction and purpose towards their goals or objectives through determination and perseverance which are the main sources of victory. Before attending SF0002, my purpose as a military leader in the SAF is about helping soldiers to understand why they ought to serve the Nation. In turn, helping them to fully utilize the duration of their liability as an National Service Freshmen (NSF). After attending SF0002, my purpose as a military leader in the SAF is to assume responsibility of my soldiers’ training, morale, discipline and fighting spirit. This involves maintaining/upgrading their skills and proficiency level therefore, developing a high state of operational readiness. My purpose is also to develop a good relationships with my soldiers and the team, so as to ensure that they are committed and determined to achieve a common goal; be it completing a task or securing mission objectives. 1. For me, a significant insight from SF0002 is, Military Leadership is not equivalent to a Leader. 2. For me, a significant insight from SF0002 is, the differences between Cohesion and Team Building. 1. Lesson 1 entitled: The Science and Practice of Military Leadership. 2. Lesson 7 entitled: Science and Practice of Leading Military Teams. Leadership means to lead, excel and overcome. Firstly, in order to lead effectively, I must gain the repect of my men. With that, can I exercise command and control, effectively and efficiently. Without leadership, a leader will lead with the power of the rank. Men under me will follow orders unwillingly and blindly, instead of understanding the rationale behind why orders are delivered so as to execute them more efficiently. My purpose as a military leader is to ensure the welfare and safety of my men during peacetime training and ensure that I lead them by example. Military leadership matters in the SAF because there will always be men enlisting and recruited into the force, these people need a leader to guide them through their career or 2 years of their National Service liability. Without a leader with leadership qualities, men will not realise the importance of serving the force, they do not have a goal or a clear vision. In general, as leaders, we should try our very best to al ign our men’s values with the SAF core values. It is also my duty to ensure they have a meaningful and purposeful time with the SAF.

Delays And Congestion At Frontiers East - 1089 Words

Passenger air travel has been forecasted to increase to over 1 billion persons annually by 2023. This alone has a great likelihood of negatively impacting airport capacity at several of Frontier Airlines’ major hubs due to inefficient runway use. This case study will focus on delays and congestion at Frontier’s east coast hub, Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), and how improvements can effectively reduce the amount of delayed flights Frontier consistently experiences. Background Philadelphia Municipal Airport opened on June 20, 1940 along the banks of the Delaware River. By year’s end, approximately 40,000 passengers travelled through the airport. By 1945, the municipal airport became Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) courtesy of transatlantic service by American Overseas Airlines. In the 1960s and 1970s, expansion and modernization paved way for the airport facility in use today. Increased popularity of air travel, population growth, and urban development have all contributed to the increase in congestion and decrease in capacity at PHL over the years. FAA records as far back as 1995 show that PHL ranked consistently as one of the most delayed airports (FAA, 2010). Many of these delays at PHL have secondary and tertiary effects at the airports to which the originating flights are destined. Hub and spoke carrier passengers depending on their on-time arrival may miss connecting flights and, at times, additional onward flights, cruises, or other important events.

Essay on Community Teaching Plan Teaching Experience

Community Teaching Plan: Teaching Experience Summary of Teaching Plan The idea of teaching a community about possible attacks on our country was one thought, but actually giving them the knowledge of what the various ways to, ultimately, defend themselves was a much greater cause. The possibilities that we may face a biological terrorist attack is quite real. We have seen the horrors of 9-11, we are aware of the wars and hatred; which gives us as human beings all the more reason to learn about these tactics. This presentation was probably the toughest thing I’ve ever had to do. Public speaking isn’t my strongest trait; however, I believed this was my nursing duties to give complete strangers the knowledge that might save their lives one†¦show more content†¦Most of the areas of study are manmade and much easier to learn about, but also to control. The other factor is the natural diseases that man haven’t found to cure but dangerously control. The benefits to controlling a harmful virus are astonishing. Being able to take o ut entire civilizations at a will have great effects. This isn’t just a thought, this epidemic and possibility are a certain. Not only did the September attacks took place, but just a month later the outbreak of anthrax also happened. And the threats of smallpox, and many other diseases (Markowitz Rosner, 2004). It is imperative that, if possible, the human race to gain this knowledge. The last question is how, how do we teach this? How is it possible to even fathom the outcome? The answer is to try. Becoming a nurse is not only my occupation, it has become my life. Teaching this group of individuals this important matter was as rewarding as being on the job and saving the life of an ill patient. Evaluation of Teaching Experience Overall, this was a positive and rewarding experience. Never have I felt this compassionate about teaching before, and the knowledge I gain from the experience will be with me for my lifetime. The subject was a difficult challenge; not only to teach but also grasping the information was very tough. It was hard to think that this isn’t fiction, this event has and can take place once again. In my opinion, just the thought of the hatred and greed thatShow MoreRelatedMeasures to Overcome Problems Facing New Teachers1762 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Problems Facing New Teachers: Teaching is an increasingly contextualized social practice that requires specific skills since it takes time, learning, dedication, and hard work for new teachers to have the ability to reflect on individual experiences. In their attempts and pursuit to become experienced teachers, new teachers undergo various stages of transformational teaching experience. This process involves experiencing significant questioning of beliefs and assumption as the person evaluatesRead MoreOutline Of Teaching Plan Presentation With Powerpoint Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesSummary of teaching plan Church of Temper city was selected to perform the teaching plan presentation with PowerPoint. It was focused on Primary Prevention/Health Promotion. After performing the Functional Health Patterns (FHP) assessment in this community(church), the main finding over half of members are obvious overweight or obesity via sense of sight. Every week church is holed a potluck, most of the food are pizzas, fried meats, high starch, such as rice, yam and potatoes as well as lack vegetablesRead MoreType 2 Diabetes Teaching Plan1467 Words   |  6 PagesType 2 Diabetes Teaching Plan In order to create change healthcare providers must work together to educate their communities. According to a study found that Type 2 Diabetes is the highest among all Hispanic/Latino groups in which 16.9 percent for both men and ladies, contrasted with 10.2 percent for non-Hispanic whites. It is evident communities are not being educated on preventing Type 2 Diabetes and their risks (American Diabetes Association, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to discuss theRead MoreMy Personal Definition For School Curriculum Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesinterrelated set of plans and experiences that a student undertakes under the guidance of the school’, while for teachers, the challenge is to develop curricula that will cater for the needs of all students (Ah Sam Ackland, 2005). There are various meanings attached to the term’ curriculum’. 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Type II diabetesRead MoreImportance Of Graduate Standard 2946 Words   |  4 Pageswill provide information about Graduate Standard 2-Know the Content and how to teach it through evidence supporting my knowledge and professional experience about this standard. 2.1 Content and teaching strategies of the teaching area Aside from knowing the children and how they learn, knowing the content and how to teach it is a huge part of teaching. Content knowledge is something which I am very familiar with – much of the required content is covered in subject study and some educational readingsRead MoreMy Teaching Style Uses The Facilitator Method Of Teaching876 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung children. My preferred teaching style includes taking on a hands-on, active approach to teaching and learning. Every day brings new opportunities for me to learn with and about young learners and their families. My teaching style is impacted by information gained from young children’s home life and communities. 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The community teaching plan presentation for stroke was to inform people to use preventive measure and learn about maintaining good health and active lifestyle. The targ et for the community was to educate them to prevent stroke disease since it has affected people younger than age of 55. The selected topic was discussed based on statistic and people suffered from disease and prevention strategies

A Message to Garcia BOOK REPORT Essay example - 659 Words

BOOK REPORT 1. â€Å"A message to Garcia† 2. LCPL Garcia 3. Elbert Hubbard 4. Published in 1977 5. Publisher: Peter pauper press , Inc 6. 32 Pages 7. Price of the book: $7.99 8. (Last page) 9. Initiative, Courage and Commitment. 10. I believe that every marine should definitely read this book. This book tells about true commitment and courage is about there is a lot to learn from this book. I agree with all the points that the author gave in his writing and think that this book should remain in the commandant’s reading list. 11. INTRODUCTION: I will be writing my book report on the short story A Message to Garcia. Elbert Green Hubbard was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher. Raised†¦show more content†¦He then returned to the US and was given command of a force of Immunes, African-American troops assumed to be immune to tropical diseases found in Cuba. For all his effort, great dedication and initiative, Captain Rowan received the Distinguish ed Service Cross. This is a great example of initiative, honor, courage, and commitment to the mission. This is a perfect example on how we must be on a day to day basis. Always putting the mission before self-comfort, to never question or object with whatever order or command you are given. Especially with us being in The United Stated Marine Corps, we should abide by these examples, and help others understand the importance of it as well. Everything that Captain Rowan did reflect our duty, our expectations, and our standards. Our duty as Marines to complete whatever mission is given to us, regardless of the objectives we may encounter throughout the way. To exceed the expectations they have for us, and to prove that no mission is impossible. One very important standard is to never strive for the bare minimum, but to always do everything to the best of our ability. We should always adapt and overcome in any given situation, and take initiative with good judgments. We should always work with what we g ot and do it with no hesitation, but most importantly, to go above and beyond the call of duty. Staying motivated and dedicated and applying Honor, Courage, and Commitment will takeShow MoreRelatedAccounting: Fraud and Problem-based Learning Case18144 Words   |  73 Pagesthe books of the Tallahassee BeanCounters (TBC), a minor league baseball team in Tallahassee, Florida. During your audit the teamà ­s owner, Franklin Kennedy, approaches you and offers an additional fee if you will quietly investigate the possibility of fraud within the firm. Mr. Kennedy reports that he received an anonymous tip and, based on that information, believes that someone within the firm could be perpetrating fraud. Your task is to use the information given here (the financial books and back-upRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Chinese Culture free essay sample

Culture and management is an interesting but difficult filed for study. It is more interesting and difficult to study Chinese culture and management. This is because both subjects are complex and multidimensional and little is known about the relationship between these two subjects. The fundamental problem in this area is the lack of any agreement on what Chinese culture is and the difficulty in operationalising the cultural variables in the study. In order to carry out cultural study, it is important to have a framework from which to work. This paper presents a classification of Chinese culture, in which 71 core cultural values that are generally accepted by the Chinese people are identified and grouped into eight categories. The paper begins by a brief review of the culture concept. After introduction of the Confucianism, it focuses on the core Chinese values and their classification. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of the classification and directions for future research. Culture is complex and multidimensional. It is in fact too complex to define in simple terms. Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952) identified over 160 different definitions of culture. One of the earliest widely cited definitions by Tylor (1887) defines culture as â€Å"that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. In this century, culture has been defined by different authors as follows: †¢ all the historically created designs for living, explicit and implicit, rational, irrational, and nonrational, which exist at any given time as potential guides for the behaviour of men (Kluckhohn and Kelly, 1945); †¢ the man made part of the environment (Herskovits, 1955); †¢ the integrated sum total of learned behavioural traits that are shared by members of a society (Hoebel, 1960); †¢ a mental map which guides us in our relations to our surroundings and to other people (Downs, 1971). More recently, Hofstede (1980) defines culture as â€Å"†¦ the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influence a group’s response to its environment†. He (1984) redefines culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguish one group of people from another. The world culture apparently originates with the Latin cultura, which is related to cultus, which can be translated as â€Å"cult† or â€Å"worship†. This meaning is helpful in understanding the use of the term. Members of a cult believe in specific ways of doing things, and thus develop a culture that enshrines those beliefs. A definition by Terpstra and David (1985) serves to delineate what is meant by culture in this context: Culture is learned, shared, compelling, interrelated set of symbols whose meaning provides a set of orientations for members of a society. These orientations, taken together, provide solutions to problems that all societies must solve if they are to remain viable. 3 To sum up the above definitions, culture can be described as the collection of values, beliefs, behaviours, customs, and attitudes that distinguish a society. A society’s culture provides its members with solutions to problems of external adaptation and internal integration. Culture can be studied at different levels: †¢ International (e. g. East v West) †¢ National culture (e. g. Chinese culture) †¢ Regional culture, subculture †¢ Business culture (industry or professional culture) †¢ Organisational (corporate) culture A national culture is best embodied in the values its people hold. Cultural values shape people’s beliefs and attitudes and guide their behaviour. Values have been described as enduring beliefs that specific modes of conduct or states of existence are socially preferable to their opposites (Rokeach,1973) A value system is seen as a relatively permanent perceptual framework that influences an individual’s behaviour (England, 1978). Cultural values establish the norms or standards by which everything in a society is judged. Not all members of a cultural group will hold exactly the same values (Hofstede, 1984). A value system represents what is expected or hoped in a society, not necessarily what actually occurs. In the past 20 years, researchers have attempted to develop a composite picture of culture by studying the differences among cultural values. This has been done in two ways. Some studies have looked at the cultural dimensions that reflect similarities and differences among cultures (for example, Hofstede, 1980). Others have used these findings to group countries into 4 clusters of nations with similar cultures (Ronen and Shenkar, 1985). The purpose of this paper is not to review these studies, but to look at an alternative way to classify cultural values. CHINESE CULTURE While there exist great differences in terms of political, social and economic dimensions between the mainland China and other places where Chinese culture dominates, it is still possible to identify certain core cultural values that are held in common by the Chinese people, no matter where they live: mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan or by the overseas Chinese. Chinese culture gives the Chinese people their basic identity. These core values are unique and consistent, shaped by a tradition of four thousand years of history and maintained by the same language. There is only one set of core values in the Chinese national culture, despite all the differences among these people and their societies. This cultural value system is uniquely Chinese that distinguish itself not only from Western cultures, but also from other Eastern cultures (for example, Japanese culture). Chinese culture is seen in this paper as a set of core values that underlies social interaction among the ordinary Chinese people and remains relatively stable over a long period of time. The focus in this paper is on national culture, in particular, those elements that can be seen both in the PRC and among Chinese elsewhere. The contemporary Chinese culture in the PRC consists of three major elements: traditional culture, communist ideology and, more recently, western values. The traditional Chinese culture encompasses diverse and sometimes competing schools of thought, including Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc. , and a host of regional cultures. 5 Nevertheless, Confucianism is undisputedly the most influential thought, which forms the foundation of the Chinese cultural tradition and still provides the basis for the norms of Chinese interpersonal behaviour (Pye,1972). Confucianism is basically the behavioural or moral doctrine that are based on the teaching of Confucius regarding human relationships, social structures, virtuous behaviour and work ethics. In Confucianism, rules are spelled out for the social behaviour of every individual, governing the entire range of human interactions in society. The basic teaching of Confucius is distilled in the Five Constant Virtues: humanity, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness (Chen, 1986). Confucius further defined five basic human relations and principles for each relation, called Wu Lun: Basic Human Relations Sovereign and subject (or master and follower) Father and son Husband and wife Elder and younger brothers Friend and friend Principles Loyalty and duty Love and obedience Obligation and submission Seniority and modelling subject Trust Thus, relationships are structured to deliver optimum benefits for both parties. For each relation, certain behaviour principles must be followed to ensure a harmonious society. Among these five basic human relations, a) three are family relations. which clearly show the importance of family in Chinese society and account for its paternalism; b) the first two relations, filial piety and loyalty, are generally deemed the most important; c) when they are applied to management, the first and last relations stand out, leading to the birth of a paternalistic management style in both China and Japan (Hsiao, et al, 1990); d) Confucius always used only the male versions of language to define family relations. This paternal character is clearly expressed in the Chinese system of property inheritance. 6 A CLASSIFICATION OF CHINESE CULTURE Because there are hundreds of definitions of culture, it is important to use an appropriate definition of the concept and to develop a framework from which to work. A variety of proposed models are helpful in analysing cultural values. They examine dimensions of cultural values and compare various national cultures on the dimensions. These models are not mutually exclusive nor are they all-in-compassing, rather they provide a variety of ways of examining cultural similarities and differences. Two most widely used models are Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s (1961) five dimensions and Hofstede’s (1984) Value Survey Model (VSM). However, the problem with these models is that the scope is too narrow or simplistic with only four or five variables. Both models could not be used as a true representation of the complexity of a national culture, particularly in the case of Hofstede’s VSM that is mainly concerned with business culture rather than national culture. An alternative method is the one used in an earlier study by the Chinese Culture Collection (1987). After consulting a number of Chinese social scientists, the survey developed a list of 40 key values. For the purpose of this paper, these 40 cultural values have been re-examined and fully amended o produce a new list of Chinese Culture Values (CCVs) shown in Table 1a (in English) and 1b (in Chinese).

The Cuban Missle Crisis Essays - Soviet UnionUnited States Relations

The Cuban Missle Crisis The world will never be the same since October of 1962. It is now known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The U.S. learned that the Soviets were building nuclear missile bases on Cuba because the Soviets wanted to close the missile gap. Even though the Soviet Union promised they would not attempt to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, they put them there anyway in hopes that the U.S. would not find out until it was too late to do anything about it. The ploy almost worked. The nuclear bases were very near completion when a U.S. U-2 spy plane discovered the bases. The world held its breath as these events unfolded before their eyes; If any decision had have been different, it might have led to WW III. That is not a very comforting thought, knowing that we were so close to a nuclear holocaust. Many believe Kennedy made the right decision, I ! stand with that group; Others believe we should have conducted surgical strikes against the bases to show we would not tolerate a threat that close to our own shores. Kennedy was probably cautious about strikes because of the Bay of Pigs invasion which had failed so miserably just a year before. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an attempt by the U.S. to remove Castro from office. We armed and trained about 2000 Cuban exiles for this job. The hope was that a general uprising would begin, and Castro would be removed from office by his own people and not by any United States personnel. What cost the success of the mission was that the U.S. neglected to provide air cover for the troops. Of the 2000 troops, 300 were killed and the rest were taken prisoner. Evidently, Kennedy did not want another Bay of Pigs, so he elected to try a naval! blockade. He must have made the right choice, because we are still here today. An advantage that the U.S.S.R. had if we had not found the missile bases in time, would have been the first strike capability. This does not necessarily mean the ability to strike first, needless to say, any country can do that; It means the ability to strike first and disarm the opponent at the same time. If the U.S.S.R. had active nuclear missile bases in Cuba, many Americans feared that the Soviets could make an attempt take out our air bases without our even realizing it until it was too late. In being so close to the U.S. coast, they could conduct strikes against our B-52 bases virtually undetected by our radar. This would eliminate our ability to strike back at them. Even when we realized they were attacking it would be to late to do anything. With our ability to counter attack gone, the Soviets could dictate whatever policy it wanted to the U.S., and we would have no choice but to accept their terms. If we did not, we would suffer the consequences (Smoke 36). Those consequences could be very harsh and detrimental to our society. A country that has first strike capability knows that it can start a war any time it chooses. On the other hand, a country that knows that they are not capable of first strike, will not be as willing to start a war. This was the problem we had encountered in Cuba. We believed that the placing of Soviet missiles inside of Cuba's borders would give them this first strike ability. In our eyes, that seriously endangered our national security. So we decided that we must either eliminate the threat, or have them withdraw all nuclear materials from their bases in Cuba (36-37). Richard Smoke, the author of Nuclear Arms Control: Understanding the Arms Race, sees the Soviets as a people who tried every option possible to get every advantage that they could. Khrushchev believed that putting nuclear missiles in Cuba was the most expedient way to close the missile gap with the United States. In Smoke's opinion, they were willing to risk WW III in order to obtain first strike capability. As he says, the plan almost worked, but a U.S. U2 spy plane discovered the secret bases

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French In French, the verb  trouver  means to find. This is a little easier to remember if you think of finding a treasure trove. Beyond that, youll also need to memorize the verbs conjugations in order to say things like the present tense finding and the past tense found. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential conjugations of  trouver  youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Trouver Verb conjugations in French are a little trickier than they are in English. Where we use -ing and -ed endings to indicate the present and past tenses, French uses a new ending for each subject pronoun within each tense. That means you have more words to memorize. The good news for French students is that  trouver  is a  regular -er verb. It follows the most common conjugation patterns found in the French language, so the endings you learn here can also be applied to a number of other verbs. Well begin the lesson with the indicative mood, which includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Once you know that the verbs radical (or stem) is  trouv-, you can apply the appropriate ending. The chart will help you study these words. Simply pair the subject pronoun with the proper tense for your sentence. For example, I am finding is  je trouve  and we found is  nous trouvions. Practicing these in context will speed up your memorization and there are many common  expressions with  trouver  that can help you out. Present Future Imperfect je trouve trouverai trouvais tu trouves trouveras trouvais il trouve trouvera trouvait nous trouvons trouverons trouvions vous trouvez trouverez trouviez ils trouvent trouveront trouvaient The Present Participle of  Trouver For regular verbs, adding -ant to the verb stem forms the present participle. For trouver, that creates the word trouvant. Trouver  in the Compound Past Tense Beyond the imperfect, you can also use the compound past tense known as the  passà © composà ©. This requires a simple construction using the  auxiliary verb  avoir  and the  past participle  trouvà ©. The only conjugation you need to worry about here is for  avoir.  Youll use the present tense that matches the subject, then attach the past participle. For example, I found is  jai trouvà ©Ã‚  and we found is  nous avons trouvà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Trouver Among the other simple conjugations youll want to study for  trouver  are the subjunctive and the conditional. They both have some degree of uncertainty in the act of finding, with the conditional implying that its dependent on something else happening. There may also be times when youll encounter or use the passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive. However, all of the other forms should be your top priority as these are only used on occasion. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je trouve trouverais trouvai trouvasse tu trouves trouverais trouvas trouvasses il trouve trouverait trouva trouvà ¢t nous trouvions trouverions trouvà ¢mes trouvassions vous trouviez trouveriez trouvà ¢tes trouvassiez ils trouvent trouveraient trouvà ¨rent trouvassent The imperative  form  is the only one that doesnt require the subject pronoun. Its used in short sentences and instead of  tu trouve, you can simplify it to  trouve. Imperative (tu) trouve (nous) trouvons (vous) trouvez